Biochemical Profile of Renal Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from a Libyan Case-Control Study

ABSTRACT:

Diabetes mellitus significantly elevates the risk of renal impairment, characterized by abnormal levels of serum creatinine, urea, and other electrolytes. In this case-control study, we compared 84 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (cases) with 20 healthy controls, finding 100% prevalence of abnormal blood urea and creatinine in cases versus none in controls (p<0.001) (1). Key correlations included positive associations between creatinine and HbA1c (rs=0.303, p=0.005), random blood sugar (RBS; rs=0.269, p=0.013), and serum phosphorus (rs=0.325, p=0.003). These findings underscore hyperglycemia’s role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression, aligning with recent evidence on modifiable risk factors like poor glycemic control. Early biochemical screening is recommended for 2DM management to prevent end-stage renal disease (2,3). This study analyzes biochemical data from 84 diabetic patients and 20 controls, revealing strong associations between diabetes and renal dysfunction markers like elevated creatinine and urea (4,5,6).

Keywords: Diabetes, Renal dysfunction, and Biochemical markers, Glycated Hemoglobin