Optimization of Polyherbal Extraction of Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, and Syzygium cumini for Antidiabetic Phytoconstituents Using Maceration Technique and Evaluation of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion or insulin resistance. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally, particularly in developing countries, leading to severe complications such as cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Herbal medicines have gained significant importance in the management of diabetes due to their safety, availability, and minimal side effects compared to synthetic drugs. The present study focuses on the optimization of polyherbal extraction of Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, and Syzygium cumini using the maceration technique for the isolation of antidiabetic phytoconstituents. The powdered plant materials were combined in equal proportions and subjected to maceration using hydroalcoholic solvent for 72 hours. The obtained extract was filtered, concentrated, and evaluated for extraction yield and phytochemical constituents. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides, which are known for their antidiabetic properties. The antidiabetic potential of the polyherbal extract was evaluated using the yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. The extract showed concentration-dependent inhibition of the enzyme, indicating its potential to control postprandial hyperglycemia. The findings of the study suggest that the optimized polyherbal extract possesses significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and may serve as a potential natural therapeutic agent for the management of diabetes mellitus. Further pharmacological and clinical studies are required to confirm its efficacy and safety.