Petrological Estimation of Magma Evolution of IC-10 Sample of Flood Basalt Provinces Using Empirical and Mathematical Approaches within Thermodynamic Framework.

ABSTRACT:

This study focuses on empirical and mathematical approaches within thermodynamic framework to constrain the mineralogic, petrographic evolution, and magmatic conditions of the IC-10 sample within the flood basalt provinces. Field mapping and thin-section analyses with respect to empirical and mathematical approaches reveal the evolution of primary mantle melts as they ascend to the surface along an imposed pressure-temperature path which were estimated to be Hortonolite, Magnesio augite, labradorite, and Fe–Ti oxides, consistent with typical tholeiitic basaltic compositions. Whole-rock geochemical, mineralogical and petrographic data classify the lavas as tholeiitic basaltic lava type characterized by high total alkali contents (Na₂O + K₂O ˃3} with the modal olivine greater than 5% [Modal olivine ˃5%]. Mineral-based geotherbaromometric calculations yield crystallization temperatures of 700–900 °C at P = 1 kbar, suggesting magma storage within the upper mantle to lower crustal levels. These results imply that the IC-10 within the flood basalt provinces evolved through fractional crystallization of lower-crustal high-velocity layers beneath oceanic plateaus and hotspot tracks represent fractionated cumulates from picritic mantle melts and are therefore an integral part of plume volcanism.The findings contribute to the broader understanding of volcanic activity of IC-10 within the flood basalt provinces and its geodynamic in line with the Cameroon Volcanic Line.

Keywords: Mathematical, Geology, Olivine, Petrographic, Geochemical,