Category: Medical Science

Invisible Grief: Young Adults’ Reflections on Losing a Parent to AIDS During Adolescence

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Category: Medical Science

✍️ : Dr. Angela Thorpe-Moss

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 3, 2026 (Page : 85- 87)

ABSTRACT:

Children who lose a parent to AIDS-related complications often experience grief shaped by stigma, secrecy, and social isolation. Although the biomedical aspects of HIV/AIDS have been widely documented, far less attention has been given to the long-term psychological consequences for children who carry this loss into adulthood. This qualitative phenomenological study explores how young adults reflect on losing a parent to AIDS during adolescence and how this experience continues to influence emotional well-being, identity development, coping strategies, relationships, and spirituality. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young adults between the ages of 18 and 35 who experienced parental loss to AIDS-related complications between the ages of 10 and 19. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis guided by the Transactional Stress and Coping Model. Findings revealed persistent sadness, unresolved grief, anger, stigma and discrimination, loneliness, substance use, and enduring negative self-beliefs. Participants described how secrecy and stigma restricted opportunities for open mourning and emotional support, contributing to prolonged distress into adulthood. Despite these challenges, many participants demonstrated resilience, meaning-making, and post-traumatic growth through faith, education, and advocacy. The findings underscore the need for trauma-informed, stigma-sensitive interventions that extend beyond childhood and address the unique needs of adolescents and young adults affected by AIDS-related parental loss.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, AIDS-related parental loss, grief, young adults, stigma, resilience, coping strategies, psychological well-being

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Single-Cell and Spatial Omics in Hematopathology: From Cellular Heterogeneity to Precision Diagnostics

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Single-Cell and Spatial Omics in Hematopathology: From Cellular Heterogeneity to Precision Diagnostics

✍️ : Dr. Firoz Sheikh

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 3, 2026 (Page : 74- 84)

ABSTRACT:

Hematopathology has entered a new era with the emergence of single cell and spatial omics technologies, which provide unprecedented resolution for investigating cellular heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and tissue organization. Conventional diagnostic approaches, including morphology, immunophenotyping, flow cytometry, and bulk molecular analysis, have substantially advanced the diagnosis of hematologic disorders but often fail to capture rare cell populations and complex microenvironmental interactions. Single cell transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility profiling, and multimodal omics enable comprehensive characterization of individual cells, while spatial omics preserves tissue architecture and reveals the spatial distribution of malignant and nonmalignant cell populations. Together, these technologies have expanded the understanding of disease biology in acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, lymphomas, and other hematologic malignancies by identifying novel cellular states, early progenitor abnormalities, mechanisms of treatment resistance, and biomarkers associated with disease progression and therapeutic response. Integration of single cell and spatial datasets has also provided detailed insights into bone marrow niche organization and tumor microenvironment dynamics. Although challenges related to cost, standardization, computational analysis, and clinical implementation remain, ongoing technological advances are expected to facilitate broader diagnostic applications. This review summarizes the principles of single cell and spatial omics, highlights major discoveries in hematologic malignancies, and discusses their potential to refine disease classification, improve prognostic assessment, and support precision diagnostics in hematopathology.

Keywords: Single cell omics; Spatial omics; Hematopathology; Acute myeloid leukemia; Myelodysplastic syndromes; Lymphoma; Precision diagnostics; Bone marrow microenvironmen

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Assessment of the Antimicrobial activity of Punica granatum Extract against common bacterial Isolates from Dongola hospitals. 2023-2024

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Assessment of the Antimicrobial activity of Punica granatum Extract against common bacterial Isolates from Dongola hospitals. 2023-2024

✍️ : Wafa Mohammed Hussein Abuelgasim, Ahmed Mohamed Farah Shadoul, Ayman Anwar Mohammed osman, Muslih Haroun Elhussein Gamea

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 57 – 73)

ABSTRACT:

Recently, natural products have been evaluated as sources of antimicrobial agents with efficacies against a variety of microorganisms, Plants have been in use for thousands of years to treat health diseases. The main aim of this study is that due to increasing concerns about the development of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria, so alternative strategies are sought that do not use antibiotics to reduce pathogenic bacteria from foods and patients. Punica granatum has been commonly employed as a crude drug in traditional medicine. The antibacterial activity of methanolic Extract of Punica granatum Peels, Pith, and Seeds were evaluated using Agar Disc diffusion susceptibility in different concentrations (50 mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 12.5mg/ml, 6.25mg/ml) against twelve multi-drug isolates (S.aureus, E.coli, K.pneumoniae, S.paratyphi A, Shigella spp,, P.vulgaris and P.aeruginosa). All clinical isolates were observed to be susceptible to all concentrations of peels extract. Pith extract have antibacterial activity against all isolates except S.praratyphi A. Seeds extract show no activity against isolates except P. vulgaris.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, bacteria, Punica granatum Extract, herbal antimicrobials

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The Role of Medical Libraries in Supporting Evidence – Based Practice among Health Professionals

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The Role of Medical Libraries in Supporting Evidence – Based Practice among Health Professionals

✍️ : Dr. John G. Ogonu, Dr. Waribo C. Ihua

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 48 – 56)

ABSTRACT:

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) has become a foundational approach in modern healthcare delivery, emphasizing the use of current, valid, and clinically relevant evidence in decision-making. Health professionals including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory scientists, physiotherapists, and public health practitioners depend on timely access to credible medical information to ensure accurate diagnosis, safe treatment decisions, and improved patient outcomes. Medical libraries, whether situated in teaching hospitals, medical schools, research institutes, or specialized healthcare facilities, serve as critical infrastructures for promoting and sustaining evidence-based healthcare practice. They provide access to scholarly databases, peer-reviewed journals, clinical guidelines, and systematic reviews, while also offering professional support through literature searching, information literacy training, research assistance, and knowledge management services. This paper examines the role of medical libraries in supporting evidence-based practice among health professionals. It explores key concepts of EBP, highlights the functions of medical libraries in facilitating evidence access and utilization, and discusses challenges limiting library support for EBP such as inadequate funding, limited digital infrastructure, poor awareness, and shortage of trained medical librarians. The paper also provides recommendations for strengthening medical library services through capacity building, digital transformation, collaborative partnerships, and policy support. The study concludes that medical libraries are indispensable partners in healthcare delivery and play an essential role in improving clinical outcomes by empowering health professionals with evidence-based information resources and services.

Keywords: Medical libraries, Evidence-based practice, Health professionals, Knowledge management, Health information services.

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Calcitonin-Augmented Epidural Steroid Injection for Lumbar Canal Stenosis: A Randomized Controlled Study

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Calcitonin-Augmented Epidural Steroid Injection for Lumbar Canal Stenosis: A Randomized Controlled Study

✍️ : Hossam Saad.

🪪 : DOI:  10.5281/zenodo.18241187

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026 (Page : 11 – 19)

ABSTRACT:

Background: Lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) causes back and leg pain. Epidural steroid injection (ESI) provides shortterm relief in many patients. Calcitonin has analgesic properties and may augment ESI effects. Objective: To evaluate whether adding calcitonin to epidural steroid injection improves pain and function compared with steroid alone in symptomatic LSS. Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. 73 patients/group (total n=146) with MRI-confirmed LSS received either methylprednisolone 40 mg + lidocaine 0.5% + saline (Group A) or methylprednisolone 40 mg + lidocaine 0.5% + calcitonin 50 IU (Group B). Two injections 1 week apart. Follow-up at 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3 (primary), 6 and 12 months. Primary outcome: change in VAS at 3 months. Results: At 3 months VAS decreased from 7.2±1.0 to 4.8±1.5 in Group A and to 3.1±1.4 in Group B (between-group p<0.001). ODI improved from 52±9% to 36±9% in Group A and to 28±8% in Group B (p=0.002). Walking distance increased from 150±60 m to 310±90 m (Group A) and to 430±110 m (Group B) at 3 months (p<0.001). Adverse events were mild: nausea (Group A 2/73, 2.7%; Group B 6/73, 8.2%). Conclusion: Calcitonin-augmented ESI provides superior pain relief and functional outcomes compared with steroid alone. Larger multicenter trials are recommended.

Keywords: Vitamin D; Frozen Embryo Transfer; Infertility; Clinical Pregnancy; Live Birth Rate; Meta-analysis

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Role of Dermabrasion Assisted Tangential Excision and Grafting inPerineal Burns

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Role of Dermabrasion Assisted Tangential Excision and Grafting inPerineal Burns

✍️ : Siddharth Ravi, Ravi Kumar Chittoria, Kanav Gupta, Srinath Rajasekar

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18340047

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026 (Page : 25 – 28)

ABSTRACT:

Burn wound management requires early and effective removal of devitalized tissue to promote healing, prevent infection, and improve functional and cosmetic outcomes. Dermabrasion, a mechanical method of controlled superficial tissue removal, is a well-established technique in plastic surgery but remains relatively underutilized in burn care. This article evaluates the role of dermabrasion-assisted tangential excision followed by grafting in the management of scald burns, particularly in challenging anatomical regions. We present a clinical case of a 2-year-old female with 15% total body surface area superficial and deep second-degree scald burns over the gluteal region. The patient underwent dermabrasion-assisted tangential excision using a high-speed dermabrader, followed by full-thickness skin allografting. The intervention resulted in early wound coverage, satisfactory graft takes, reduced risk of infection, accelerated healing, shorter hospital stays, and good patient compliance.

Keywords: Dermabrasion-assisted excision; Scald burns; Pediatric burn management; Tangential excision; Skin allografting; Early wound healing

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Biochemical Profile of Renal Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from a Libyan Case-Control Study

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Biochemical Profile of Renal Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from a Libyan Case-Control Study

✍️ : Hossam B. Bahnasy

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18940929

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 29 – 33)

ABSTRACT:

Diabetes mellitus significantly elevates the risk of renal impairment, characterized by abnormal levels of serum creatinine, urea, and other electrolytes. In this case-control study, we compared 84 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (cases) with 20 healthy controls, finding 100% prevalence of abnormal blood urea and creatinine in cases versus none in controls (p<0.001) (1). Key correlations included positive associations between creatinine and HbA1c (rs=0.303, p=0.005), random blood sugar (RBS; rs=0.269, p=0.013), and serum phosphorus (rs=0.325, p=0.003). These findings underscore hyperglycemia’s role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression, aligning with recent evidence on modifiable risk factors like poor glycemic control. Early biochemical screening is recommended for 2DM management to prevent end-stage renal disease (2,3). This study analyzes biochemical data from 84 diabetic patients and 20 controls, revealing strong associations between diabetes and renal dysfunction markers like elevated creatinine and urea (4,5,6).

Keywords: Diabetes, Renal dysfunction, and Biochemical markers, Glycated Hemoglobin

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Impact of Urbanization on Public Health

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Impact of Urbanization on Public Health

✍️ : Peter F. Lang

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18924773

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 34 – 40)

ABSTRACT:

This work shows the consequence of increased urbanization on the impact of pandemics and infectious diseases on public health especially in inner city areas. It demonstrates that the Covid-19 pandemic impacts particularly on large cities and urban areas. There have been many pandemics throughout history and they occurred mainly in cities. Mortality rates show vaccines are not 100% effective against all variants. The trend in increasing urbanization enhances the probability of more serious pandemics in the future with disparity against lower income inhabitants in inner cities. This work discusses ways which public health can be improved.

Keywords: Urbanization, Infection, Public Health. Pandemic

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A Prospective Observational Study of Coagulation Profiles in Patients on Common Antithrombotic Therapies and Their Correlation with Bleeding Risk

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A Prospective Observational Study of Coagulation Profiles in Patients on Common Antithrombotic Therapies and Their Correlation with Bleeding Risk

✍️ : Ogonnaya Chinemerem Cynthia, Verla Evelyn Ngozi, Ugwulor Louis Oguchukwu, Verla Andrew Wirnkor, Achang Keneth Youngabi.

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19044290

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 41 – 47)

ABSTRACT:

Antithrombotic therapies including warfarin and antiplatelet agents require careful monitoring to balance thrombotic protection against bleeding risk. This is particularly challenging in resource-limited settings where access to specialized coagulation testing is often restricted. A prospective observational study was conducted from January to December 2023 at three tertiary care hospitals in Nigeria. We enrolled 450 patients on stable antithrombotic therapy (150 on warfarin, 150 on aspirin, 150 on clopidogrel) and followed them for six months. Prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and bleeding events were monitored monthly. Among warfarin patients, only 42.7% maintained therapeutic INR ranges (2.0-3.0) across all measurements, while 34.0% showed subtherapeutic and 23.3% supratherapeutic values. The incidence of major bleeding was significantly higher in patients with INR >3.5 (18.9% vs. 2.3% in therapeutic range, p<0.001). Antiplatelet therapy patients demonstrated minimal changes in conventional coagulation parameters despite clinically significant bleeding events. Multivariate analysis identified age >65 years (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.8-5.7), renal impairment (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-5.2), and concomitant NSAID use (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-4.4) as independent predictors of bleeding Basic coagulation tests effectively stratify bleeding risk in warfarin-treated patients but have limited utility for monitoring antiplatelet therapies. Simplified risk assessment tools incorporating clinical factors and basic laboratory parameters can optimize antithrombotic management in settings with limited resources.

Keywords: Antithrombotic, Antiplatelet agents, Bleeding risk, Coagulation profiles, INR monitoring, Resource-limited settings, Warfarin

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Advancements in Teaching Computer-Aided Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry: Strategies for Preparing Students Amidst Technological Evolution and Post-Pandemic Shifts.

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Advancements in Teaching Computer-Aided Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry: Strategies for Preparing Students Amidst Technological Evolution and Post-Pandemic Shifts.

✍️ : Ajayi Titilope, Adewumi, Olanipekun Oladapo, Tunde, Esho Idowu, Johnson, Iyanda Dauda, Funminiyi.

🪪 : DOI:  10.5281/zenodo.18242699

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume-2, Issue-1 (Page : 20 – 24)

ABSTRACT:

The fields of medicinal chemistry and computer-aided drug design (CADD) have transformed due to technological progress, paradigm shifts in drug discovery, and the COVID-19 pandemic’s educational impact. This review synthesizes recent research to propose effective pedagogical strategies for higher education, exploring CADD’s historical evolution, post-pandemic student attitudes toward online learning, innovative open-source teaching platforms, and teacher perspectives on skill development. Challenges include bridging interdisciplinary gaps, overcoming online learning barriers, and preparing students for a dynamic industry. Recommendations advocate for hybrid models, hands-on tools, and ethical integration of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI). Visual aids, including timelines, survey data, and tool comparisons, enhance understanding, equipping educators to foster future medicinal chemists ready to address global health challenges.

Keywords: Computer-aided drug design; Medicinal chemistry education; post-COVID learning; Open-source tools; Pedagogical strategies; Drug discovery paradigms.

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