Author: Selim

The Impact of Proliferation of Small Arms on Nigeria’s National Security

Selim

The Impact of Proliferation of Small Arms on Nigeria’s National Security

โœ๏ธ : Usman Yusuf, Nura Umar Manya Manya, Mustapha Barau

๐Ÿ“˜ : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 7, 2026 (Page : 383-398)

ABSTRACT:

This study investigates the proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) in Nigeria from 2010 to 2025 and its implications for national security, guided by the Failed State Theory and the Human Security Theory. Using secondary data from ACLED, UNODC, the Small Arms Survey, and Nigerian government reports, the research identifies key drivers of SALW proliferation, including porous borders, insurgency dynamics, organized criminal networks, and persistent corruption. Findings show that the proliferation of SALW has fueled armed conflict, resulting in over 3.3 million internally displaced persons by 2023, with more than half being children, and imposing significant humanitarian and fiscal burdens on the state. Although tactical interventions such as arms seizures have had short-term effects, systemic weaknesses have prevented sustainable security improvements. In conclusion, the study confirms that SALW proliferation poses both structural and human security threats. Consistent with the Small Arms Survey (2023), the study recommends strengthening institutional capacity and enhancing border control to effectively curb the flow of illicit arms.

Keywords: Small Arms Proliferation, National Security, Human Security, Failed State Theory, Nigeria, Internal Displacement, Arms Trafficking.

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Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis: Sustainable Alternatives for Eco-Friendly Chemical Transformations

Selim

Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis: Sustainable Alternatives for Eco-Friendly Chemical Transformations

โœ๏ธ : Aradhana Dewangan, Shikha Shinde

๐Ÿ“˜ : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 7, 2026 (Page : 373-382)

ABSTRACT:

Organic solvents are widely employed in organic synthesis but raise significant concerns due to their high flammability, volatility, toxicity, and hazardous nature. According to the principles of green chemistry, the use of solvents should be avoided or minimized whenever possible. However, in cases where their use is unavoidable, it is essential to prioritize greener, less toxic alternatives to reduce environmental and health impacts. These challenges make it difficult to identify a compound or class of compounds that can be truly recognized as a green solvent.This chapter focuses onunconventional solvents, such as ionic liquids, supercritical fluids like water and carbon dioxide, deep-eutectic solvent and water, biosolvent, which serve as alternative reaction media to overcome the challenges linked to traditional organic solvents.

Keywords: Green Solvent, Extraction, Flammable, Volatile, ionic liquids, deep-eutectic solvent, bio solvent

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Forensic Exhumation of Human Remains: Crime Scene Investigation, Scientific Protocols, and Medico-Legal Challenges

Selim

Forensic Exhumation of Human Remains: Crime Scene Investigation, Scientific Protocols, and Medico-Legal Challenges

โœ๏ธ : Manoj Kumar Banjare

๐Ÿ“˜ : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 7, 2026 (Page : 301-372)

ABSTRACT: Forensic exhumation is a critical component of modern forensic investigations involving the recovery, examination, identification, and interpretation of buried human remains. It plays a vital role in homicide investigations, cold cases, disaster victim identification, mass grave investigations, historical inquiries, and human rights investigations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific, legal, ethical, and technological aspects of forensic exhumation, emphasizing current methodologies and emerging advancements. The principles of legal authorization, crime scene management, excavation strategies, evidence recovery, forensic anthropology, odontology, DNA analysis, toxicology, radiology, and laboratory investigations are discussed in detail. Special emphasis is placed on modern technologies, including Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), LiDAR, drone-based surveys, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), three-dimensional crime scene reconstruction, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and portable DNA technologies, which have significantly improved grave detection, documentation, and victim identification. The challenges associated with advanced decomposition, environmental degradation, mixed remains, DNA degradation, legal complexities, and cultural considerations are critically evaluated. Furthermore, future perspectives involving AI-assisted exhumation, digital archaeology, robotic excavation, smart crime scene documentation, and integrated forensic data systems are highlighted. Overall, forensic exhumation represents a multidisciplinary scientific approach that combines traditional forensic principles with advanced technologies to ensure accurate evidence recovery, reliable identification, and effective delivery of justice. Keywords: Forensic exhumation; Crime scene investigation; Human remains; Forensic anthropology; Forensic archaeology; DNA identification; Mass grave investigation; Disaster victim identification; Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR); Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Digital archaeology; Chain of custody; Forensic technology; Human rights investigation.,ย 

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Innovation And Risk-Taking to Future Entrepreneurial Success of Tesla in The Philippines Particularly Pangasinan

Selim

Innovation And Risk-Taking to Future Entrepreneurial Success of Tesla in The Philippines Particularly Pangasinan

Innovation And Risk-Taking to Future Entrepreneurial Success of Tesla in The Philippines Particularly Pangasinan

โœ๏ธ : Mardion U. Soriano, Dr. Amalia G. Dela Cruz, Dr. Jean V. Ramos

๐Ÿ“˜ : Nexus Global Research Journal of Business And Management (NGRJBM) Volume 2, Issue 3, 2026 (Page : 82- 89)

ABSTRACT:

This research examines how innovation and risk-taking influence the future entrepreneurial success of Tesla in the Philippines, with particular attention to Pangasinan. Anchored on entrepreneurship, innovation diffusion, and strategic risk taking perspectives, the study highlights how Teslaโ€™s technological innovations, electric vehicle leadership, brand positioning, and willingness to enter emerging markets may shape its potential success in a developing regional economy. The discussion emphasizes the relevance of product innovation, process innovation, service innovation, digital integration, charging infrastructure, market readiness, consumer affordability, environmental awareness, and government policy support. Findings indicate that Teslaโ€™s innovation capacity is a major driver of future entrepreneurial success because it strengthens brand value, customer interest, sustainability appeal, and competitive advantage. Risk-taking also contributes significantly, particularly through investment in infrastructure, entry into price-sensitive markets, adaptation to local conditions, and navigation of regulatory and economic uncertainties. In Pangasinan, opportunities are linked to growing urbanization, increasing environmental consciousness, transport modernization, and potential partnerships with local government units and private stakeholders. However, barriers include high acquisition costs, limited charging stations, consumer unfamiliarity, and after-sales service concerns. The article concludes that Teslaโ€™s success in Pangasinan will depend on strategic localization, infrastructure expansion, financing accessibility, policy alignment, and continuous innovation.

Keywords: Tesla, innovation, risk-taking, entrepreneurial success, electric vehicles, Pangasinan, Philippines

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Risk โ€“ Based Authentication Enhancement of University Digital Portal Securityโ€‹

Selim

Risk โ€“ Based Authentication Enhancement of University Digital Portal Securityโ€‹

โœ๏ธ : Samuel F. Camorongan, Diosdado C. Caronongan

๐Ÿ“˜ : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 7, 2026 (Page : 290-300)

ABSTRACT:

With the rapid advancement of digital systems, academic institutions increasingly utilized centralized digital platforms to support academic services and communication. The University of Eastern Pangasinan currently utilizes a digital portal that has a traditional password-based authentication system, which depends on username and password. This study analyzed user perceptions to the existing authentication method of the digital portal, focusing on three key indicators: (1) accessibility, (2) usability, and (3) security effectiveness. Using a descriptive – developmental research design, data were collected through online surveys and focus group discussion with the administrative staff and students. The findings revealed that while the portal performs well in accessibility and usability, its security effectiveness scored lower, indicating limited user confidence in password โ€“ based authentication. Based on data gathered, a prototype for risk โ€“ based authentication system was developed. This adaptive system evaluates risk through factors such as device and location trust, IP reputation, login patterns, failed attempts, user behavior, and adjusts verification requirements accordingly. Low risk access uses a single โ€“ factor authentication, medium risk triggers one โ€“ time code verification via email, and high risk requires one โ€“ time pin (OTP) verification and hardware token. By conducting a post โ€“ test with the developed prototype, a side-by-side comparison of the weighted means between the existing password – base and the developed risk-based authentication system, the developed system indicates a higher level of satisfaction in terms of accessibility, usability, and security features. The study concludes that the developed prototype for risk โ€“ based authentication system significantly shows the security effectiveness of the system without compromising user experience, offering a practical solution for academic institutions.

Keywords: Risk โ€“ Based Authentication, Digital Portal Security, Security Effectiveness, Accessibility, Usability,

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Exploring the Clinical Practicum Experience of Male Midwifery Students: From Gender-Based Exclusion to Professional Inclusion

Selim

Author: Selim

โœ๏ธ : Regine Chris F. Yadao, Sheree G. Ganzon, Jesse P. Ordoรฑez Jr.

๐Ÿ“˜ : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 7, 2026 (Page : 279-289)

ABSTRACT:

Midwifery, considered one of the oldest professions, has long been deeply regarded as a womanโ€™s work and is traditionally female-dominated. Since the profession closely focuses on female reproductive health, pregnancy, and childbirth, it is assumed that maternal caregiving is uniquely a maternal role. However, current shifts in the healthcare workforce present opportunities for gender inclusivity, including the integration of male midwives. This study delved into the experiences of male midwifery students in their clinical practicum as they transitioned from exclusion to inclusion, including the different supports provided to them. Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, ten male midwifery students from the University of Eastern Pangasinan and Urdaneta City University participated in semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted using Colaizziโ€™s Method. The students reported ongoing barriers in maternal care environments, limited practical experience that hindered case completion, and pressure on their professional identity, which caused self-doubt and a desire to overperform. These issues led to emotional distress, low morale, and fear, eventually affecting their sense of vocation and commitment. Support from family, peers, faith, and self-motivation acted as a protective barrier. Conversely, institutional and clinical support was often seen as insufficient and inconsistent. Despite these obstacles, the students persisted, driven by their passion and sense of purpose. Nonetheless, their persistence highlights endurance rather than effective clinical systems. The study suggests implementing formal gender-sensitivity training for staff, equitable case distribution, and psychosocial support within the midwifery curriculum, aligned with the gender-inclusive education standards set by CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) No. 3, series of 2023.

Keywords: Male Midwifery Students, Gender-Based Exclusion, Gender Inclusivity, Clinical Practicum, Descriptive Phenomenology, Professional Identity, Cmo No.3 Series Of 2023,

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Petrological Estimation of Magma Evolution of IC-10 Sample of Flood Basalt Provinces Using Empirical and Mathematical Approaches within Thermodynamic Framework.

Selim

Author: Selim

โœ๏ธ : Achuenu Ifeanyi, Adegboye Ayobami Joshua.

๐Ÿ“˜ : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 6, 2026 (Page : 262-278)

ABSTRACT:

This study focuses on empirical and mathematical approaches within thermodynamic framework to constrain the mineralogic, petrographic evolution, and magmatic conditions of the IC-10 sample within the flood basalt provinces. Field mapping and thin-section analyses with respect to empirical and mathematical approaches reveal the evolution of primary mantle melts as they ascend to the surface along an imposed pressure-temperature path which were estimated to be Hortonolite, Magnesio augite, labradorite, and Feโ€“Ti oxides, consistent with typical tholeiitic basaltic compositions. Whole-rock geochemical, mineralogical and petrographic data classify the lavas as tholeiitic basaltic lava type characterized by high total alkali contents (Naโ‚‚O + Kโ‚‚O หƒ3} with the modal olivine greater than 5% [Modal olivine หƒ5%]. Mineral-based geotherbaromometric calculations yield crystallization temperatures of 700โ€“900 ยฐC at P = 1 kbar, suggesting magma storage within the upper mantle to lower crustal levels. These results imply that the IC-10 within the flood basalt provinces evolved through fractional crystallization of lower-crustal high-velocity layers beneath oceanic plateaus and hotspot tracks represent fractionated cumulates from picritic mantle melts and are therefore an integral part of plume volcanism.The findings contribute to the broader understanding of volcanic activity of IC-10 within the flood basalt provinces and its geodynamic in line with the Cameroon Volcanic Line.

Keywords: Mathematical, Geology, Olivine, Petrographic, Geochemical,

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Geochemical Classification of Miango Basalt of Jos Plateau State, Nigeria Using Numerical Analysis

Selim

Author: Selim

โœ๏ธ : Achuenu Ifeanyi

๐Ÿ“˜ : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 6, 2026 (Page : 239-261)

ABSTRACT:

Numerically, the formation of rock forming minerals from magma, depends on the numerical values of each mineral under thermodynamic conditions. This research was focused on geochemical classification of Miango basalt using numerical analysis. Findings have shown that, under mathematical context with Bowenโ€™s and Goldschmidt rules, the Miango basaltic sample of MIANGO VOLCANIC FIELD falls within gabbro clan and the estimated minerals using an empirical approach, are Ferro-augite (Basic Clino-pyroxene), Hortonolite (Basic olivine), Labradorite (Basic Plagioclase) and Ulvospinel (Iron ore). The gabbro clan includes basalt, dolerite, norite, scoria and gabbro and therefore empirically, Miango basaltic sample of MIANGO VOLCANIC FIELD was found to be characteristics of rock of Gabbro clan and the rock type for Miango basaltic sample in MIANGO VOLCANIC FIELD is Alkaline Olivine basalt magma type. Finally, the โ€œmathematical connectionโ€ between Bowenโ€™s and Goldschmidt concepts was used in this research for a concise explanation of rock forming minerals from the beginning to the end of crystallization and would help the โ€˜beginnersโ€™ especially students of Earth sciences such as Geology, Mineralogy, Petrology and other chemical sciences such as Chemistry, Geochemistry and Petroleum Geology to have clear understanding of rock forming minerals from the Resident magma.

Keywords: Numerical, Geology, Bowen, Goldschmidt, Basalt

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Campaign Promises as Catalysts of Insecurity: The Political Economy of Youthsโ€™ and Womenโ€™s Disillusionment in Zambia

Selim

Author: Selim

โœ๏ธ : Prosper Mwango Ngโ€™andu

๐Ÿ“˜ : Nexus Global Research Journal of Artโ€™s, Humanities (NGRJAH) Volume 2, Issue 6, 2026 (Page : 155 – 162)

ABSTRACT:

This article examines how unmet campaign promises function as catalysts of social, economic, and political insecurity among youths and women in Zambia. Drawing on a political economy lens and theories of relative deprivation, clientelism, and social contract, the study explores how electoral rhetoric produces expectations that, when unfulfilled, contribute to disillusionment, mistrust in institutions, and perceived and real forms of insecurity. Using a qualitative research design based on document review, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions conducted in Lusaka, Copperbelt, and Eastern Provinces, the article demonstrates that campaign promises related to jobs, empowerment funds, social protection, and gender inclusion are central to electoral mobilization. However, gaps between promises and implementation generate feelings of betrayal, erode democratic legitimacy, intensify economic precarity, and may foster susceptibility to political manipulation and social unrest. The findings highlight that while campaign promises can be important tools for democratic accountability, in the Zambian context they frequently operate as instruments of symbolic politics that mask structural constraints and elite bargaining. The article concludes that reducing promise or performance gaps, institutionalizing programmatic politics, and strengthening accountability mechanisms are essential to mitigating insecurities and rebuilding trust among youths and women.

Keywords: Campaign Promises, Political Economy, Insecurity, Youth, Women, Zambia, Disillusionment

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Transnational Organized Crimes in Africa: Policy Gaps, Environmental Strategies and Community Resilience

Selim

Author: Selim

โœ๏ธ : Prosper Mwango Ngโ€™andu

๐Ÿ“˜ : Nexus Global Research Journal of Artโ€™s, Humanities (NGRJAH) Volume 2, Issue 6, 2026ย  (Page : 149 – 154)

ABSTRACT:

Transnational organized crime (TOC) in Africa manifests across multiple illicit markets thus, wildlife trafficking, illegal mining, timber smuggling, drug distribution, human trafficking, and marine resource theft thereby generating profound social, economic, governance and environmental consequences. This article examines policy gaps that enable TOC, assesses environmental strategies that both mitigate and are undermined by criminal economies, and evaluates the role of community resilience in countering these threats. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach that include systematic literature synthesis, policy analysis, and case studies from West, Central and Southern Africa, this study identifies structural drivers such as weak governance, corruption, porous borders, economic deprivation, specific policy and operational weaknesses (fragmented legal frameworks, poor interagency cooperation, inadequate regional harmonization, limited enforcement capacity), and the complex interactions between environmental degradation and criminal opportunity structures. Findings highlight that community-based governance; adaptive livelihood diversification, environmental stewardship programs, and localized enforcement partnerships strengthen resilience and disrupt criminal supply chains. However, durable impact requires harmonized regional policies, enhanced transnational coordination, targeted capacity building, anti-corruption measures, and socio-economic interventions addressing root causes. The article concludes with policy recommendations for multilevel interventions that integrate environmental conservation, law enforcement, community empowerment, and regional cooperation.
Keywords: Transnational Organized Crime, Africa, Environmental Crime, Policy Gaps, Community Resilience, Governance, Wildlife Trafficking, Illegal Mining

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