Effects of Garden Egg (Solanum Aethiopicum) Methanol Leaf Extract on Glycaemic and Lipid Profile of Alloxan Induced Type 2 Diabetic in Wistar Rats

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIM: 
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease associated with complications such as hypertension, stroke, hyperlipidemia, 
and heart failure. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have focused on discovering traditional medicines with 
potential antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of Solanum 
aethiopicum methanolic leaf extract in Alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. 
 
METHODS: 
Twenty-five Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n=5). Group 1 (control) was administered distilled water, 
and Group 2 (positive control) received 2mg/kg metformin. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with Solanum aethiopicum leaf 
extract at doses of 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal 
injection of 80 mg/kg body weight of Alloxan. Blood glucose levels were measured using a digital AccuCheck glucometer at 
1, 3, 6 and 24 hours on the first day and 1 hour after treatment on day 3, 10 and 21. Blood samples were collected on Days 3, 
10, and 15 for serum lipid profile analysis. 
 
RESULTS: 
The results showed that Solanum aethiopicum leaf extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels (P<0.05) in a dose
dependent manner. The mean blood glucose of Group 5 (400 mg/kg) decreased from 369.20 ± 8.07 mg/dL on Day 1 to 131.00 
± 3.05 mg/dL on Day 14. Lipid profile analysis revealed a significant decrease in total cholesterol (from 154.73 ± 2.69 mg/dL 
to 124.60 ± 1.47 mg/dL), triglycerides (from 154.73 ± 2.69 mg/dL to 124.60 ± 1.47 mg/dL), and LDL (from 33.22 ± 4.78 mg/dL 
to 26.24 ± 3.65 mg/dL) in the extract-treated groups. A significant increase in HDL was also observed in all treatment groups 
(from 50.22 ± 1.50 mg/dL to 53.29 ± 1.61 mg/dL in Group 5). 
 
CONCLUSION: 
Solanum aethiopicum leaf extract exhibits significant antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects, showing potential for managing 
Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Further research, including human trials, is needed to ratify these findings. 
Key words: Human rights, Deterrence, Death penalty, Capital offence, and Capital punishment.