Early Detection and Diagnosis: Implications for Better Kidney Outcomes

Abstract

Kidney disease is an escalating global health problem that impacts millions of people and is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Of particular worry is chronic kidney disease (CKD) because it may be unnoticed for years before clinical illness becomes evident. By the time patients approach with symptoms such as fatigue, oedema, changes in urination or other signs of severe disease, considerable and potentially permanent loss of kidney function may have already taken place. Therefore, early detection and precise diagnosis are critical techniques for avoiding or delaying disease progression and enhancing kidney outcomes in the long run. Routine examination with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), blood pressure monitoring, blood glucose assessment, and suitable imaging can identify patients at greater risk. Early detection also allows for the identification of modifiable risk factors, initiation of renoprotective medications, treatment of underlying diseases and monitoring of disease development. This article will address the significance of early detection and diagnosis of kidney illness, the main laboratory and clinical procedures used in screening, the consequences of delayed diagnosis, and efforts to improve renal outcomes by timely intervention. Better knowledge, risk-based screening, laboratory capacity and integration of renal assessment into primary health care could greatly enhance early detection and minimise the burden of kidney disease.