Polypharmacy and the Importance of Patient Counselling in Rural VillageSettings: An Indian Perspective

April 7, 2026April 7, 2026 Selim

Polypharmacy and the Importance of Patient Counselling in Rural VillageSettings: An Indian Perspective

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026 (Page : 60-63)

ABSTRACT:

Polypharmacy, defined as the concurrent use of multiple medications, has become an increasingly important issue in modern healthcare, particularly among elderly patients and individuals suffering from multiple chronic diseases. In India, the challenge of polypharmacy is more pronounced in rural and village settings due to limited healthcare resources, inadequate medication monitoring, and low levels of health literacy. Patients in rural areas frequently obtain medicines from different healthcare providers, local pharmacies, or through self-medication, which increases the risk of adverse drug reactions, drug–drug interactions, and medication non-adherence. Patient counselling has emerged as an essential strategy to improve medication safety, enhance adherence, and promote rational drug use. This review aims to discuss the prevalence of polypharmacy in rural populations, associated clinical risks, and the critical role of patient counselling in improving therapeutic outcomes. Evidence from existing literature indicates that structured counselling interventions, particularly through pharmacists and primary healthcare workers, can significantly reduce medication errors and improve patient outcomes. Strengthening patient education and integrating counselling services into primary healthcare systems in rural areas may help mitigate the risks associated with polypharmacy.

Keywords: Polypharmacy, Patient counselling, Rural healthcare, Medication adherence, Primary health care, India

Dharma-Driven AI: Integrating Indian Ethical Frameworks intoAlgorithmic Decision-Making

April 7, 2026April 7, 2026 Selim

Dharma-Driven AI: Integrating Indian Ethical Frameworks intoAlgorithmic Decision-Making

: Dr. Viraj P Tathavadekar

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18961155

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 64-69)

ABSTRACT:

Artificial intelligence systems in current times experience severe ethical problems which include algorithmic bias issues and accountability problems and fairness issues that depend on Western utilitarian frameworks. The chapter introduces a new model which combines Indian ethical standards with dharma and karma to govern algorithmic decision-making systems. Dharma-based frameworks define righteous behavior through three principles which include contextual righteousness and relational duties and cosmic order (Rta) as their core values. The chapter uses conceptual analysis and case studies from healthcare and justice systems to show how dharma provides moral guidance for ethical AI design while karma theory establishes strong accountability systems through its tracking of actions and their corresponding results. The analysis shows that dharma-driven methods to problem-solving improve Western methods because they support multiple cultural traditions and specific situations and ongoing effects on society. The integration of Indian Knowledge Systems with contemporary AI governance creates a pathway that enables development of algorithmic systems which respect different knowledge systems while maintaining ethical standards and supporting technological progress.

Keywords: Dharma, Artificial Intelligence Ethics, Algorithmic Accountability, Indian Knowledge Systems, Karma Theory, Ethical AI Governance

Main translation methods used in technical translation

April 7, 2026April 7, 2026 Selim

Main translation methods used in technical translation

: Umarova Mehrangiz, Absalomova Jayrona, Idiyeva Yulduz, Eliyeva Sevinch.

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 70-72)

ANNOTATION:

Technical translation is a specialized type of translation that requires accuracy, terminological consistency, and a clear understanding of scientific and technological concepts. This article examines the main translation methods used in technical translation, including lexical, syntactic, terminological, and communicative approaches. The study also considers the theoretical views of translation scholars such as P. Newmark, B. Maylath, K. St.Amant, B. Hatim, I. Mason, and J. Byrne. Examples of English technical expressions and their Uzbek equivalents are provided to illustrate the application of these methods in practice.

Keywords: Technical Translation, Translation Methods, Lexical Translation, Syntactic Transformation, Terminology, Communicative Translation, Technical Texts.

Culture and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion analysis of the prevalence andantibiotic susceptibility patterns of common urinary pathogens in acommunity-based study in Owerri, Nigeria

April 7, 2026April 7, 2026 Selim

Culture and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion analysis of the prevalence andantibiotic susceptibility patterns of common urinary pathogens in acommunity-based study in Owerri, Nigeria

: Ogonnaya Chinemerem Cynthia, Verla Evelyn Ngoz, Ugwulor Louis Oguchukwu, Verla Andrew Wirnkor.

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 77-83)

ABSTRACT:

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent one of the most common bacterial infections globally, affecting approximately 150 million people annually. In Nigeria, empirical antibiotic therapy for UTIs is often guided by outdated or non-local resistance data, contributing to the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to determine the etiologic spectrum of community-acquired urinary tract infections and establish local antibiotic susceptibility profiles in Owerri, Nigeria. A prospective laboratory-based study was conducted from January to December 2024. Clean-catch mid-stream urine samples were collected from 512 patients presenting with symptoms of UTI at primary healthcare centers in Owerri. Samples were processed using conventional culture techniques on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) and MacConkey agars. Significant bacteriuria was defined as ≥10⁵ CFU/mL. Bacterial isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against commonly prescribed antibiotics. Of the 512 samples processed, 186 (36.3%) showed significant bacteriuria. The most prevalent uropathogen was Escherichia coli (48.9%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.7%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (11.3%), Proteus mirabilis (8.6%), and Enterococcus faecalis (7.5%). High resistance rates were observed for amoxicillin-clavulanate (68.2%) and cotrimoxazole (62.9%). Moderate resistance was noted for ciprofloxacin (44.1%), while nitrofurantoin maintained good efficacy (84.4% susceptibility). Female patients, particularly those aged 25-44 years, showed higher prevalence of UTIs. The high resistance rates to commonly prescribed antibiotics underscore the necessity for regular local antimicrobial resistance surveillance and ongoing antibiotic stewardship programs in Owerri, Nigeria. Nitrofurantoin remains a viable option for empirical treatment of uncomplicated UTIs in this region, while amoxicillin-clavulanate and cotrimoxazole should be used with caution.

Keywords: Urinary tract infections, antimicrobial resistance, Nigeria, Kirby-Bauer, Empirical therapy, Uropathogens.

A Study and implementation of Start Intelligent Retail Cashier LessSystems: Tools, Approaches, and Difficulties

April 7, 2026April 7, 2026 Selim

A Study and implementation of Start Intelligent Retail Cashier LessSystems: Tools, Approaches, and Difficulties

: Ranveer Narayn Singh1, Sujeet Musale, Dr Amol Kasture.

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 84-90)

ABSTRACT:

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has revolutionized the retail industry, paving the way for smart cashier-less systems. A Smart Retail Cashier-less System enables customers to shop without the need for traditional checkout counters or human cashiers. By integrating sensor networks, RFID tags, cameras, and deep learning algorithms, such systems can automatically detect products selected by customers, track their purchases in real-time, and process payments seamlessly through digital wallets or linked accounts. This not only enhances shopping convenience and speed but also reduces operational costs and human error. Moreover, data analytics derived from customer behavior can help retailers optimize inventory management and personalized marketing. Despite its advantages, challenges such as data privacy, system reliability, and high implementation costs remain key considerations. The development of an efficient, secure, and scalable Smart Retail Cashier-less System represents a significant step toward the future of automated retail.

Keywords: Smart Retail, Cashier-less System, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Payment, Smart Shopping.

Methodological Foundations for Developing a Model of Integrative Skills inTeaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

April 7, 2026April 7, 2026 Selim

Methodological Foundations for Developing a Model of Integrative Skills inTeaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

: Muhayyo Xabibullayeva.

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 3, 2026 (Page : 91-96)

ABSTRACT:

This article analyzes the methodological foundations for developing an integrative skills model in teaching Arabic as a foreign language. The research results indicate that traditional approaches, focused on separate development of language skills, do not enable students to effectively use the language in real communicative situations. The integrative approach aims to develop listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills in an interconnected manner. The article also presents a lesson example demonstrating the practical effectiveness of the integrative model.

Keywords: Arabic language, foreign language teaching, integrative skills, pedagogical methodology

Women’s Health: Critical but Often Overlooked Symptoms

April 7, 2026April 7, 2026 Selim

Women’s Health: Critical but Often Overlooked Symptoms

: Eshmirzayeva Dilnoza Rozimurod qizi, Tillayeva Zarina Zafarbekovna.

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 3, 2026 (Page : 97-99)

ABSTRACT:

This article analyzes the hidden symptoms in women’s health that are frequently neglected but may serve as precursors to serious diseases. It highlights the correlation between symptoms such as persistent fatigue, sleep disturbances, hair loss, and emotional fluctuations with hormonal balance and internal organ function. The primary objective of the study is to increase health awareness among women and improve their quality of life through early detection of potential health issues.

Keywords: Women’s health, hidden symptoms, hormonal balance, prophylaxis, reproductive health, chronic fatigue, female psychophysiology, early diagnosis.

Researching Theoretical Approaches in Training Students to AnalyzeReality in The Educational Process

April 7, 2026April 7, 2026 Selim

Researching Theoretical Approaches in Training Students to AnalyzeReality in The Educational Process

: Nazarov Azizjon Geldimurodovich

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 3, 2026 (Page : 100-101)

ANNOTATION:

This thesis analyzes the scientific validity and practical effectiveness of theoretical approaches aimed at forming students’ competence in analyzing reality in the educational process. The main goal of the study is to determine the role of constructivist, cognitive and activity-oriented approaches in developing students’ analytical thinking, cause-and-effect relationships, and evidence-based reasoning skills. Methodologically, pedagogical observation, comparative analysis, and didactic modeling methods were used. The results show that the integrated application of theoretical approaches significantly increases students’ analytical competencies. In particular, the constructivist approach develops problem-based thinking, the cognitive approach ensures systematic mastery of knowledge, and the activity-oriented model forms in-depth analysis skills through practical and social experience. The results of the study justify the need to introduce a comprehensive methodological system for developing analytical thinking in the educational process.

Keywords: Analytical Thinking, Constructivism, Cognitive Approach, Activity-Oriented Education, Competency-Based Approach, Didactic Modeling.

Oral Cavity Health During Pregnancy: Impact on Maternal Well-Beingand Fetal Development

April 7, 2026April 7, 2026 Selim

Oral Cavity Health During Pregnancy: Impact on Maternal Well-Beingand Fetal Development

: Allamurodova Bakhtugul Boymurodovna, Tillayeva Zarina Zafarbekovna

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 3, 2026 (Page : 102-104)

ABSTRACT:

This article explores the condition of the oral cavity during pregnancy and evaluates the impact of dental and periodontal diseases on both the maternal organism and fetal development. Research indicates that hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy can trigger various oral pathologies. Consequently, chronic foci of infection may lead to complications such as preterm labor or low birth weight. The article further analyzes the significance of dental prophylaxis and outlines preventive measures essential for maintaining oral health during this critical period.

Keywords: Pregnancy, oral hygiene, gingivitis, periodontitis, fetal health, dental prophylaxis, hormonal changes, dental caries.

Is Painless Childbirth Possible? Possibilities Of Modern Obstetrics

April 7, 2026April 7, 2026 Selim

Is Painless Childbirth Possible? Possibilities Of Modern Obstetrics

: Boymurodova Maftuna Bobokhon qizi, Tillayeva Zarina Zafarbekovna

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (NGRJM) Volume 2, Issue 3, 2026 (Page : 105-107)

ABSTRACT:

This article analyzes the relevance of labor pain relief in modern obstetrics, existing methods, and their impact on maternal and fetal health. The study provides a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of pharmacological (epidural analgesia) and non-pharmacological methods. The primary objective of the research is to highlight the possibilities of reducing obstetric complications and improving the overall childbirth experience through effective pain management. The findings serve as a scientific basis for the widespread implementation of modern perinatal technologies into clinical practice.

Keywords: Painless childbirth, epidural analgesia, obstetrics, perinatal care, pain threshold, psychoprophylaxis, regional anesthesia, labor activity, maternal and child health.