AI in Drug Discovery: From Target Identification to Lead Optimization

April 14, 2026April 14, 2026 Selim

AI in Drug Discovery: From Target Identification to Lead Optimization

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGRJPS) Volume 1, Issue 1, 2026 (Page : 34-44)

ABSTRACT:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in drug discovery, addressing the limitations of traditional pharmaceutical research, including high costs, long timelines, and low success rates. By leveraging machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and generative models, AI enables efficient analysis of vast biomedical datasets and accelerates decision-making processes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of AI applications across the drug discovery pipeline, from target identification to lead optimization. It highlights computational techniques, real-world case studies, tools, and challenges associated with AI integration. Additionally, future perspectives on AI-driven personalized medicine and autonomous drug design systems are discussed. AI-driven innovations are poised to significantly reshape the pharmaceutical industry by improving efficiency, reducing attrition rates, and enabling precision therapeutics. [1–3]

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Drug Discovery, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Target Identification, Lead Optimization, ADMET, Computational Pharmacology [4–6]

Calcitonin-Augmented Epidural Steroid Injection for Lumbar Canal Stenosis: A Randomized Controlled Study

April 14, 2026April 14, 2026 Selim

Calcitonin-Augmented Epidural Steroid Injection for Lumbar Canal Stenosis: A Randomized Controlled Study

: Hossam Saad.

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18241187

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026 (Page : 11 – 19)

ABSTRACT:

Background: Lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) causes back and leg pain. Epidural steroid injection (ESI) provides shortterm relief in many patients. Calcitonin has analgesic properties and may augment ESI effects. Objective: To evaluate whether adding calcitonin to epidural steroid injection improves pain and function compared with steroid alone in symptomatic LSS. Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. 73 patients/group (total n=146) with MRI-confirmed LSS received either methylprednisolone 40 mg + lidocaine 0.5% + saline (Group A) or methylprednisolone 40 mg + lidocaine 0.5% + calcitonin 50 IU (Group B). Two injections 1 week apart. Follow-up at 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3 (primary), 6 and 12 months. Primary outcome: change in VAS at 3 months. Results: At 3 months VAS decreased from 7.2±1.0 to 4.8±1.5 in Group A and to 3.1±1.4 in Group B (between-group p<0.001). ODI improved from 52±9% to 36±9% in Group A and to 28±8% in Group B (p=0.002). Walking distance increased from 150±60 m to 310±90 m (Group A) and to 430±110 m (Group B) at 3 months (p<0.001). Adverse events were mild: nausea (Group A 2/73, 2.7%; Group B 6/73, 8.2%). Conclusion: Calcitonin-augmented ESI provides superior pain relief and functional outcomes compared with steroid alone. Larger multicenter trials are recommended.

Keywords: Vitamin D; Frozen Embryo Transfer; Infertility; Clinical Pregnancy; Live Birth Rate; Meta-analysis

Role of Dermabrasion Assisted Tangential Excision and Grafting inPerineal Burns

April 14, 2026April 14, 2026 Selim

Role of Dermabrasion Assisted Tangential Excision and Grafting inPerineal Burns

: Siddharth Ravi, Ravi Kumar Chittoria, Kanav Gupta, Srinath Rajasekar

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18340047

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026 (Page : 25 – 28)

ABSTRACT:

Burn wound management requires early and effective removal of devitalized tissue to promote healing, prevent infection, and improve functional and cosmetic outcomes. Dermabrasion, a mechanical method of controlled superficial tissue removal, is a well-established technique in plastic surgery but remains relatively underutilized in burn care. This article evaluates the role of dermabrasion-assisted tangential excision followed by grafting in the management of scald burns, particularly in challenging anatomical regions. We present a clinical case of a 2-year-old female with 15% total body surface area superficial and deep second-degree scald burns over the gluteal region. The patient underwent dermabrasion-assisted tangential excision using a high-speed dermabrader, followed by full-thickness skin allografting. The intervention resulted in early wound coverage, satisfactory graft takes, reduced risk of infection, accelerated healing, shorter hospital stays, and good patient compliance.

Keywords: Dermabrasion-assisted excision; Scald burns; Pediatric burn management; Tangential excision; Skin allografting; Early wound healing

Biochemical Profile of Renal Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from a Libyan Case-Control Study

April 14, 2026April 14, 2026 Selim

Biochemical Profile of Renal Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from a Libyan Case-Control Study

: Hossam B. Bahnasy

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18940929

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 29 – 33)

ABSTRACT:

Diabetes mellitus significantly elevates the risk of renal impairment, characterized by abnormal levels of serum creatinine, urea, and other electrolytes. In this case-control study, we compared 84 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (cases) with 20 healthy controls, finding 100% prevalence of abnormal blood urea and creatinine in cases versus none in controls (p<0.001) (1). Key correlations included positive associations between creatinine and HbA1c (rs=0.303, p=0.005), random blood sugar (RBS; rs=0.269, p=0.013), and serum phosphorus (rs=0.325, p=0.003). These findings underscore hyperglycemia’s role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression, aligning with recent evidence on modifiable risk factors like poor glycemic control. Early biochemical screening is recommended for 2DM management to prevent end-stage renal disease (2,3). This study analyzes biochemical data from 84 diabetic patients and 20 controls, revealing strong associations between diabetes and renal dysfunction markers like elevated creatinine and urea (4,5,6).

Keywords: Diabetes, Renal dysfunction, and Biochemical markers, Glycated Hemoglobin

Impact of Urbanization on Public Health

April 14, 2026April 14, 2026 Selim

Impact of Urbanization on Public Health

: Peter F. Lang

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18924773

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 34 – 40)

ABSTRACT:

This work shows the consequence of increased urbanization on the impact of pandemics and infectious diseases on public health especially in inner city areas. It demonstrates that the Covid-19 pandemic impacts particularly on large cities and urban areas. There have been many pandemics throughout history and they occurred mainly in cities. Mortality rates show vaccines are not 100% effective against all variants. The trend in increasing urbanization enhances the probability of more serious pandemics in the future with disparity against lower income inhabitants in inner cities. This work discusses ways which public health can be improved.

Keywords: Urbanization, Infection, Public Health. Pandemic

A Prospective Observational Study of Coagulation Profiles in Patients on Common Antithrombotic Therapies and Their Correlation with Bleeding Risk

April 14, 2026April 14, 2026 Selim

A Prospective Observational Study of Coagulation Profiles in Patients on Common Antithrombotic Therapies and Their Correlation with Bleeding Risk

: Ogonnaya Chinemerem Cynthia, Verla Evelyn Ngozi, Ugwulor Louis Oguchukwu, Verla Andrew Wirnkor, Achang Keneth Youngabi.

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19044290

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Medical Sciences (NGRJMS) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026 (Page : 41 – 47)

ABSTRACT:

Antithrombotic therapies including warfarin and antiplatelet agents require careful monitoring to balance thrombotic protection against bleeding risk. This is particularly challenging in resource-limited settings where access to specialized coagulation testing is often restricted. A prospective observational study was conducted from January to December 2023 at three tertiary care hospitals in Nigeria. We enrolled 450 patients on stable antithrombotic therapy (150 on warfarin, 150 on aspirin, 150 on clopidogrel) and followed them for six months. Prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and bleeding events were monitored monthly. Among warfarin patients, only 42.7% maintained therapeutic INR ranges (2.0-3.0) across all measurements, while 34.0% showed subtherapeutic and 23.3% supratherapeutic values. The incidence of major bleeding was significantly higher in patients with INR >3.5 (18.9% vs. 2.3% in therapeutic range, p<0.001). Antiplatelet therapy patients demonstrated minimal changes in conventional coagulation parameters despite clinically significant bleeding events. Multivariate analysis identified age >65 years (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.8-5.7), renal impairment (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-5.2), and concomitant NSAID use (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-4.4) as independent predictors of bleeding Basic coagulation tests effectively stratify bleeding risk in warfarin-treated patients but have limited utility for monitoring antiplatelet therapies. Simplified risk assessment tools incorporating clinical factors and basic laboratory parameters can optimize antithrombotic management in settings with limited resources.

Keywords: Antithrombotic, Antiplatelet agents, Bleeding risk, Coagulation profiles, INR monitoring, Resource-limited settings, Warfarin

Rising Seas and Shifting Lives: An Ecocritical Reading of Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island

April 13, 2026April 17, 2026 Selim

Rising Seas and Shifting Lives: An Ecocritical Reading of Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island

: Ms. C. Mobisha Keni, Dr. A. Annie Divya Mahisha.

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18296323

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Art’s, Humanities (NGRJAH) Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026 (Page : 01 – 07)

ABSTRACT:

This paper offers an ecocritical reading of Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island focusing on the interconnected crises of rising seas, climate change and human displacement. Set against transnational landscapes stretching from the Sundarbans to the Mediterranean, the novel foregrounds how environmental degradation reshapes both ecosystems and human lives. Through an ecocritical lens, the study examines the fragile relationship between humans and the non-human world, highlighting how climate-induced disasters such as cyclones, sea-level rise and biodiversity loss disrupt traditional livelihoods and force migration. Ghosh portrays nature not as a passive backdrop but as an active agent that challenges anthropocentric assumptions and exposes the ethical responsibilities of humanity toward the planet. The novel’s blending of myth, history and contemporary climate realities underscores ecological memory and the interconnectedness of global ecological systems. This paper argues that Gun Island urges readers to recognize climate change as a shared, transboundary crisis and calls for ecological awareness, empathy and sustainable coexistence in an era of accelerating environmental uncertainty.

Keywords: Ecology, Equilibrium, Resistance, Anthropocene, Exploitation

Margins to Movements: Social Innovation and Diffusion of AlternativeCommunities in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness

April 13, 2026April 15, 2026 Selim

Margins to Movements: Social Innovation and Diffusion of AlternativeCommunities in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness

: Ms. T. Vathana, Dr. A. Annie Divya Mahisha.

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18297039

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Art’s, Humanities (NGRJAH) Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026 (Page : 08 – 14)

ABSTRACT:

This paper examines Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness through the lens of Everett Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations theory, focusing on how marginalized communities generate and disseminate social innovations that challenge dominant power structures. The novel portrays alternative communities—formed by hijras, political dissidents, Dalits and Kashmiri voices—as innovative social systems that resist exclusion and reimagine belonging. These communities function as grassroots innovations that emerge from lived experiences of oppression, gradually diffusing their values of care, coexistence and resistance across hostile social environments. Applying key concepts of diffusion theory—innovation, communication channels, opinion leaders, time and social systems—the study analyses how narrative acts as a medium for transmitting counter-hegemonic ideas to wider audiences. Characters such as Anjum and Tilo operate as change agents, facilitating slow but transformative social adoption. The paper argues that Roy’s novel redefines innovation not as technological advancement, but as ethical, communal and political imagination, demonstrating literature’s potential to mobilize social change from the margins to collective movements within postcolonial India’s fractured public sphere. Such narratives invite readers to rethink justice, citizenship, empathy, solidarity and inclusive futures globally.

Keywords: Survival, Hijra, Culture, Identity, Community

Decline of Eschatological Consciousness in Contemporary Churches: Causes and Consequences

April 13, 2026April 15, 2026 Selim

Decline of Eschatological Consciousness in Contemporary Churches: Causes and Consequences

: Okoi, Bassey John, Onen, Ruth Moses, Eni, William Ibiang.

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18459176

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Art’s, Humanities (NGRJAH) Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026 (Page : 15 – 22)

ABSTRACT:

Eschatological consciousness over the years has functioned as an important framework shaping Christian hope, way of behaviour, worship, and mission. Based in biblical theology, eschatology guide believers toward God’s ultimate purposes for history and the realization of His kingdom. However, in many contemporary churches, there is a noticeable decline in eschatological consciousness, reflected in diminished emphasis on themes such as Christ’s return, divine judgment, resurrection, and eternal destiny. This study therefore examines the theological meaning of eschatological consciousness and traces its significance within Old and New Testament traditions, highlighting its role in sustaining faith amid suffering and oppression. Using a conceptual and theological analysis, the study considered key factors contributing to its decline, including secularization, prosperity-oriented and therapeutic theologies, pragmatic church growth models, and fears arising from apocalyptic abuses. The study further identifies the consequences of this decline, particularly the weakening of Christian hope, moral complacency, distortion of mission, and theological imbalance. Finally, the study argues for a recovery of eschatological consciousness through biblically grounded teaching, liturgical renewal, ethical engagement, and contextual theological formation. It concludes that reclaiming eschatological consciousness is important for restoring theological depth, moral accountability, and resilient hope within contemporary Christian communities.

Keywords: Eschatological Consciousness, Christian Hope, Contemporary Churches, Biblical Eschatology, Theological Renewal

Strengthening Primary Mathematics Education: Challenges, Opportunities and Implications for Teaching Practice in Timor-Leste

April 13, 2026April 15, 2026 Selim

Strengthening Primary Mathematics Education: Challenges, Opportunities and Implications for Teaching Practice in Timor-Leste

: Salvador Magno Ximenes.

🪪 : DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18459176

📘 : Nexus Global Research Journal of Art’s, Humanities (NGRJAH) Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026 (Page : 23 – 32)

ABSTRACT:

The review analyses educational difficulties alongside teaching possibilities that arise within Timor-Leste’s primary school mathematics education. Many barriers obstruct effective mathematics teaching despite extensive school improvement initiatives, such as creating problems with unqualified teachers and limited educational resources, which make student understanding complex because of language barriers. The post-conflict recovery context of Timor-Leste presents more difficulties for the educational system because it has damaged the school infrastructure and teacher development processes. Recent structures of curriculum reform target the modernization of teaching techniques with peer collaborative initiatives that support educator professional development as administrative forces advance mother tongue-based educational programs for increased student comprehension through native language instruction. This review combines information from various studies about the current mathematics education status of Timor-Leste, which helps policy leaders and education professionals gain important knowledge. The mathematics education system of Timor-Leste requires special interventions that combine competent teacher training with appropriate financial resources to support teachers in resolving existing difficulties while utilizing language effectively for developmental gains.

Keywords: Mathematics education, teacher training, teaching practice and primary schools